涡轮发动机用陶瓷基复合材料涡轮转子研究进展（两机专刊）

高性能飞行器对涡轮发动机性能需求不断提升,对涡轮转子的耐温性和轻质化提出了苛刻要求。而目前高温合金涡轮转子性能逼近材料极限,难以满足未来涡轮发动机大幅减重提温的需求,先进陶瓷基复合材料（CMCs）涡轮转子成为必然趋势。本文介绍了涡轮转子用CMCs复合材料的设计、制备、加工、检测,以及各国在CMCs涡轮转子研制方面的进展,研究表明CMCs涡轮转子在液体火箭发动机、先进航空发动机领域具有巨大优势和应用潜力。当前连续纤维增强CMCs复合材料涡轮转子的耐温性能、抗冲击性能已初步得到验证,而材料强度和韧性不足是制约CMCs在航空发动机涡轮转子上应用的主要因素,发展高强度、高韧性涡轮转子用CMCs材料成为当前研究热点和未来必然趋势。     

Multi-scale thermodynamic analysis method for 2D SiC/SiC composite turbine guide vanes

Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) turbine guide vanes possess multi-scale stress and strain with inhomogeneity at the microscopic scale. Given that the macroscopic distribution cannot reflect the microscopic stress fluctuation, the macroscopic method fails to meet the requirements of stress and strain analysis of CMC turbine guide vanes. Furthermore, the complete thermodynamic properties of 2D woven SiC/SiC-CMC cannot be obtained through experimentation. Accordingly, a method to calculate the thermodynamic properties of CMC and analyze multi-scale stress and strain of the turbine guide vanes should be established. In this study, the multi-scale thermodynamic analysis is investigated. The thermodynamic properties of Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) processed SiC/SiC-CMC are predicted by a Representative Volume Element (RVE) model with porosity, leading to the result that the relative error between the calculated in-plane tensile modulus and the experimental value is 4.2%. The macroscopic response of a guide vane under given conditions is predicted. The relative error between the predicted strain on the trailing edge and the experimental value is 9.7%. The calculation of the stress distribution of micro-scale RVE shows that the maximum value of microscopic stress, which is located in the interlayer matrix, is more than 1.5 times that of macroscopic stress in the same direction and the microscopic stress distribution of the interlayer matrix is related to the pore distribution of the composite.     

陶瓷基复合材料螺栓渐进损伤计算与强度预测

为了准确预测陶瓷基复合材料螺栓的强度及损伤演化过程,建立了陶瓷基复合材料螺栓有限元模型,并采用渐进损伤模型实现了陶瓷基复合材料螺栓的失效分析,形成通用有效的陶瓷基复合材料结构渐进损伤有限元仿真方法。计算结果表明：陶瓷基复合材料螺栓在载荷1129N时萌生损伤。加载到失效载荷（1459N）时,损伤沿着螺纹槽扩展至整个螺纹槽。最后,损伤从螺纹槽扩展至螺杆中心导致螺杆断裂失效。螺栓的破坏位置在螺纹接触最上面的螺纹槽处,螺栓断裂的主要原因是材料的Z向拉伸破坏。     

聚铝硅氮烷的合成、纺丝及陶瓷化性能研究

以不同比例的聚硅氮烷液态低聚物和乙酰丙酮铝［0.1%~1%（w）］为原料,通过热聚合反应制备了一系列聚铝硅氮烷（PASZ）先驱体。PASZ经熔融纺丝、空气预氧化处理和高温裂解后得到连续SiAlCN（O）纤维。采用FT-IR、GPC、SEM、XRD和金相显微镜等测试手段对PASZ和SiAlCN（O）纤维进行了分析表征。结果表明：PASZ的重均分子量Mw为7 191~11 275 g/mol,乙酰丙酮铝质量分数为0.2%制备的PASZ在熔融状态下表现为剪切变稀,纺丝性良好,可实现长达3 km的连续纺丝。SiAlCN（O）纤维为非晶型的含铝氮化硅纤维,直径为20~70 μm,较脆;纤维表面光滑,无裂纹、沟槽等明显缺陷。     

复相陶瓷设计进展

材料设计是复相陶瓷研制过程中必须首先解决的问题,复相陶瓷设计由定性化向定量化方向发展是其必然趋势。宏细微观力学、材料设计专家系统和智能化系统应用于陶瓷基复合材料韧化设计方面已取得巨大的进展,并推动陶瓷材料科学与技术的发展。     

陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机热端部件应用及热分析研究进展

陶瓷基复合材料(CMC)具有密度低、耐高温的优异特性而被视为新一代航空发动机的战略热结构材料,其制备工艺、性能设计及其在燃烧室和涡轮等热端部件的应用已成为现阶段航空发动机研究领域的热点.然而,由于编织特征导致的各向异性特性,给CMC在热端部件的应用和加工带来巨大挑战.本文总结了有关陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机热端部件上的...     

碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料富碳界面

选用几种使纤维表面富碳的聚合物和无驱体制涂层纤维和陶瓷试件,测试其拉伸强度和弯曲强度,     

基于双目立体视觉的陶瓷砖外形尺寸自动检测技术

为了克服现有的陶瓷砖外形尺寸检测的缺点,构建了一种基于双目立体视觉的陶瓷砖外形尺寸自动检测技术。首先,介绍了自动检测技术的原理和流程图。然后,对其中的双目结构参数标定技术、边缘和线条中心定位技术和像点匹配技术进行了研究。最后,利用提出的方法对陶瓷砖进行了检测,结果表明该方法对边长的重复测量误差为±0.1 mm,中心弯曲度、边弯曲度和翘曲度的重复测量误差为±0.02%,满足陶瓷砖外形尺寸测量的要求。     

Microstructure and high-temperature oxidation behavior of plasma-sprayed Si/Yb2SiO5 environmental barrier coatings

An environmental barrier coating (EBC) consisting of a silicon bond coat and an Yb₂SiO₅ top-coat was sprayed on a carbon fibers reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) by atmospheric plasma spray (APS). The microstructure of the coating annealed at 1300 °C and its high-temperature oxidation behavior at 1350 °C were investigated. The significant mass loss of silica during the plasma spray process led to the formation of Yb₂SiO₅ and Yb₂O₃ binary phases in the top-coat. Eutectics of Yb₂SiO₅ and Yb₂O₃ were precipitated in the top-coat, and channel cracks were formed in the top-coat after 20 h annealing because of the mismatch between the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of Yb₂SiO₅ and the SiC substrate. The EBC effectively improved the oxidation resistance of the CMC substrate. The channel cracks in the Yb₂SiO₅ top-coat provided inward diffusion channels for oxygen and led to the formation of oxidation delamination cracks in the bond coat, finally resulting in spallation failure of the coating after 80 h oxidation.     

尿素法制备氮化物陶瓷材料的研究进展

综述了近年来尿素法制备氮化物陶瓷粉体、涂层、纳米管和陶瓷基复合材料等的研究进展,并对其发展趋势作了展望.